|
Dissoi Logoi (Greek δισσοὶ λόγοι "contrasting arguments") is a rhetorical exercise of unknown authorship, and date. It is intended to help an individual gain a deeper understanding of an issue by forcing him or her to consider it from the angle of his opponent, which may serve either to strengthen his or her argument or to help the debaters reach compromise. In ancient Greece, students of rhetoric would be asked to speak and write for both sides of a controversy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An Introduction to the Dissoi Logoi )〕 The ''Dissoi Logoi'' was found amongst the works of Sextus Empiricus who lived between 160-210 C.E. It was first published by Stephanus in 1570, as an appendix to his edition of Diogenes Laertius, and it is found here divided into five chapters. It would be another 100 years until it was published with a commentary of its own, which was done by Thomas Gale in 1671. It would yet another 100 years until an edition was published to contain an apparatus criticus, which was achieved by Ernst Weber in 1897 〔Robinson, T.M. "Contrasting Arguments" pp.1-15. Arno Press. 1979〕 ==History== The composition date of the work is unknown. Scholars look to the text to piece out clues as to its origin, but find that even this is ambiguous at best. One possible way to date the work is its mention of the offspring of Polyclitus, a well known Greek sculptor. In the ''Dissoi Logoi'' (section 6.8) it states that Polyclitus taught his son (singular) the virtue of αρετη. Yet in ''Protagoras'''' 328c, the usually attentive Plato claims Polyclitus to have in fact two sons, not just one. The ''Protagoras's'' dramatic events are conventionally dated to between 429 and 422 B.C.E., so either one of the authors made a mistake in listing the genealogy of Polyclitus, or the Dissoi Logoi was written before Polyclitus had another son, thus dating it to before the 420's B.C.E.〔Robinson, T.M. "Contrasting Arguments" pp.34-35. Arno Press. 1979〕 Another interesting reference possibly dating the text is its mention of a victory of Sparta over Athens and her allies at section 1.8. At face value, most tend to accept this as a reference to the Peloponnesian War, and thus claim that the Dissoi Logoi must have been written after this war's terminal date, 404 B.C.E. While this is most probably true, it is by no means sure, because there are other instances of Spartan victory over Athens which add uncertainty to this dating, such as the Battle of Tanagra, which occurred all the way back in 457 B.C.E. Although each theory is warranted and clever, none can be stated with 100% accuracy, and thus the ''Dissoi Logoi'' are generally dated to between the 5th and early 4th centuries B.C.E.〔Robinson, T.M. "Contrasting Arguments" pp.35-37. Arno Press. 1979〕 The work is largely written in the Doric dialect, yet still contains small examples of the Attic and Ionian dialects as well〔Bailey, D.T.J. 2008. "Excavating the Dissoi Logoi 4". ''Oxfort Studies in Ancient Philosophy: 249-64''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dissoi logoi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|